There are discoveries in the history of archaeology that震撼 the world no less than the discovery of ancient civilizations themselves. One of them is the famous \"Troy Treasure,\" found by Heinrich Schliemann in 1873 at the site of the legendary Troy. This collection of precious objects became not only a scientific sensation but also a symbol of passion, adventurism, and disputes over who truly owns the great cultural heritage of antiquity.

Discovery: The Day That Changed Archaeology

On May 27, 1873, as Schliemann himself claimed, was the day of his greatest triumph. During excavations on the hill of Hisarlik, which he believed to be the site of ancient Troy, Schliemann stumbled upon a large collection of precious items. To keep the discovery from falling into the hands of looters and to avoid disputes with Turkish authorities, he secretly transported it from the excavation site, later announcing that it was the treasures of King Priam, the legendary ruler of Troy.

Schliemann himself described the discovery as an extraordinary sight: from the ground emerged golden diadems, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, vases, and many other items covered in a layer of multi-century dust. The discovery instantly became a worldwide sensation. For the first time, before scientists and the public, material evidence of the Homeric era emerged, seemingly confirming the reality of the events in the \"Iliad.\" However, it was later established that the treasure was composed of items found in different places and layers and was artificially assembled by Schliemann to create a more impressive impression.

What Was in the Treasure

The Priam Treasure represented an incredibly rich collection of jewelry and household items. It included:

• Two famous golden diadems with long chains and pendants.
• Eight thousand small golden beads and pendants.
• Six golden bracelets adorned with twisted wire.
• Sixteen golden fibulae and three golden earrings.
• A golden drinking cup, several golden vessels.
• Silver cups, vases, and kraters.
• Knives and spearheads, including those made from rare materials.

Estimates suggest that the total weight of gold in the treasure was nearly 9 kilograms. The style of the ornaments indicated that they were created during the heyday of Troy (around 2500–2300 BC) and most likely belonged to the local Trojan culture, not to Mycenaean craftsmen.

The Fate of the Treasure

After the discovery, Schliemann tried to donate the treasure to Greece, but was refused. He then offered it to France, Italy, and the United States, but everywhere he encountered reluctance to create a separate museum for it. In the end, the treasure was given to \"the German people\" and has been stored at the Berlin Museum of Ancient History since 1881. However, with the rise of the Nazis to power, the treasures were moved to a bunker for protection against bombings.

At the end of World War II, in August 1945, Professor Wilhelm Unverzagt handed over the treasures of Troy to Soviet authorities. After this, they were transported from Germany to the Soviet Union as war trophy. For many decades, their location was kept secret. It was not until 1993 that Russia officially confirmed that the \"Troy Gold\" is located in Moscow, and in 1996 it was first exhibited at the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin.

Today, the Priam Treasure (or a large part of it) is part of the permanent exhibition at the Pushkin Museum. Some items from the same collection are stored at the State Hermitage in St. Petersburg. Disputes over its ownership continue to this day: Germany and Turkey have repeatedly claimed their rights to the treasures, but Russia considers them a legitimate military trophy.

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