The world of ocean shipping has a special place for the class of supertankers — these are true giants created for transporting oil over vast distances. Their construction history is a race of engineering thought, and their sizes still amaze the imagination.

Unmatched Record Holder: The History of Knock Nevis

The supertanker, known by various names but most often referred to as Knock Nevis or Seawise Giant, holds the absolute record in size. Its history is unique and dramatic.

Ordered by a Greek magnate in 1979, the tanker was built by the Japanese company Sumitomo Heavy Industries and was originally called Oppama. After the client's refusal, the ship was purchased by a Hong Kong shipowner, who demanded an increase in its size. As a result, in 1981, the giant was launched into the water at a length of 458.45 meters. For comparison, the height of the Eiffel Tower is 330 meters, making this tanker longer than it and many other well-known structures.

The main characteristics of Knock Nevis are impressive:

• Length: 458.45 m
• Width: 68.8 m
• Deadweight (carrying capacity): 564,763 tons
• Capacity: more than 4 million barrels of crude oil

The deck area of the ship was so vast that the crew moved around it on bicycles. However, the huge size also became a problem: the tanker could not pass through the Suez and Panama canals, and the braking distance was nearly 10 kilometers.

The fate of the tanker was filled with dramatic events. In 1988, during the Iran-Iraq war, it was attacked and sank off the coast of Iran. However, its story did not end there. A Norwegian company purchased the sunken ship, raised it, and completely restored it, investing millions of dollars. After the repair, it was renamed Happy Giant and then Jahre Viking. In the early 21st century, it served as a floating oil storage facility under the name Knock Nevis. In 2010, the giant was sent for scrapping to the Indian city of Alang. It took over a year and 18 thousand workers to dismantle it. Today, all that remains is a 36-ton anchor, which is an exhibit at the Hong Kong Maritime Museum.

Tankers-Giants of the TI Class

After the scrapping of Seawise Giant, the largest operating supertankers are four ships of the TI class: TI Africa, TI Asia, TI Europe, and TI Oceania.

They were built by the South Korean company Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering and put into operation in 2002-2003. Although they are shorter than the \"absolute record holder,\" their sizes are also impressive. Each ship has a length of 380 meters and a deadweight of 441,893 tons, allowing them to carry about 2.8 million barrels of oil.

These ships are the only representatives of the class ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier) in active operation and continue to be used for transporting crude oil around the world.

Classification and Definition of Supertankers

In the shipping industry, the term \"supertanker\" is not official but is used to denote the largest ships. According to international classification, ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carriers) include tankers with a deadweight of more than 320,000 tons. They can carry more than 2 million barrels of oil. A little smaller are tankers of the class VLCC (Very Large Crude Carriers) — from 160,000 to 320,000 tons.

Historically, supertankers were also built by other shipyards. For example, in 1976, the tanker Batillus was launched into the water in France at a length of 414 meters, but it was scrapped in 1985.

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