Small, bearded, with fiery eyes. He doesn't know he's small. He jumps on shepherds, digs holes in the sofa, barks at the vacuum like a living beast. Terrier. It's not just a dog. It's a personality type. Nervous, lively, obsessed with hunting and love for the owner. If you want a calm couch potato, don't get a terrier. If you're ready for adventures on your head, welcome to the world of fearless bearded men.

Common for all terriers

The word "terrier" comes from Latin "terra" - earth. They were bred for hunting burrowing animals: rats, foxes, badgers. That's where the psychology comes from. A terrier must be fearless (climb into a den to a predator), persistent (not come out until it's killed), vocal (barking to inform the owner of the location of the animal), and sharp (instant reaction). All terriers are descendants of these working dogs, and selection has preserved their character.

Common traits: energy (where to put it - that's the question), bravery (often going overboard), stubbornness (you can't make a terrier, you can negotiate), territoriality (this is my sofa, my yard, my owner), hunting instinct (squirrel, rat, cat, a plastic bag in the wind - all prey). Plus - loyalty. Terriers are attached to one person or family. They can be jealous. They can protect to the end, despite their size. Yorkie owners tell how their little ones jumped on pit bulls to protect the children.

Minus - loudness. Terriers bark a lot and loudly. From joy, from fear, from boredom, from the wind blowing in the wrong direction. If you live in an apartment building, your neighbors will be "happy".

Different types of terriers: from Yorkie to Airedale

Terriers come in sizes from toy (Yorkshire terrier, 3 kg) to large (Airedale terrier, 30 kg). And character depends not only on breed, but also on size and purpose.

Small terriers (York, Norwich, Norfolk, Australian silky) are companions, but with a character. They are not toys. They may bite if forced against their will. They may be possessive of their bowl and bed. They love to climb on sofas and tables. They do not get along well with small children who do not understand that a dog is not a plush rabbit.

Medium terriers (fox terrier, Jack Russell, Parson Russell, Welsh terrier) are the classic "burrowing" type. Energy is off the charts. They can run for hours, dig (and the lawn, and the flower bed, and the floor in the house), hunt anything that moves. The Jack Russell terrier is the most popular in this group thanks to the movie "The Mask". But in reality, it's not a clown, it's a whirlwind. Such dogs need work, otherwise they will tear the apartment apart.

Large terriers (Airedale, Irish smooth-coated, Kerry terrier closer to medium) are more balanced. For example, the Airedale was used as a police dog in world wars. He is smart, loyal, but still stubborn. You need to be serious with large terriers, otherwise they will dominate.

There are also fighting terriers (such as the bull terrier). This is a separate story. The bull terrier is a mix of terrier and bulldog. From the terrier, it took persistence and bravery, from the bulldog - power and a unique appearance. The character of the bull terrier is complex: he can be aggressive to other animals, but almost always loyal to humans with proper training. It is risky to keep such a dog with children.

Jack Russell: a whirlwind in miniature

The Jack Russell terrier is a separate phenomenon. Bred in England by Reverend John Russell for fox hunting. Ideal: white with black or ginger spots, stocky, with strong legs. Intelligence - above average. Workability - frantic.

The character of the Jack: he can't stand idleness. He needs tasks. Bring a ball, find a hidden toy, run 10 kilometers with a bicycle, dig a hole. If there are no tasks, he will invent one: chew shoes, tear apart the sofa, start a hunt for a street cat.

The Jack Russell loves children, but plays roughly. He may bite the heel to call for a run. He may accidentally knock over a baby. Therefore, it is ideal for children from 8 years old.

The Jack Russell does not get along with other animals. Rabbits, hamsters, birds - all prey. Cats - a nuisance. He will chase the cat until he loses his breath. The exception is if he grew up with a cat from puppyhood, but even then, periodic scuffles are inevitable.

The Jack Russell is the champion of stubbornness. He hears the command, understands, but may pretend not to hear. He requires a firm but not cruel hand. If the owner is weak-willed, the dog will sit on his head.

Yorkshire Terrier: a toy with a bulldog's character

The York - the most popular small dog in the world. Cuddly, hair like a princess, weighs 2-3 kg. Many think it's a living toy. And they are wrong. York is a terrier. He can be aggressive, nervous, barking for any reason. A Yorkie bite is painful (sharp teeth).

The character of the York: he is possessive. He is jealous of the owner to other people, to other dogs, to the phone. He may hiss and snarl if someone tries to pet the owner without permission. He is fearless - he jumps on big dogs. And usually loses. Therefore, Yorkie owners should watch the walk to make sure the little one doesn't get hurt.

The York is attached to one person. If the owner is at work, he may howl, bark, chew things out of boredom. He does not tolerate loneliness. But at the same time, the York is a companion dog, he does not need much walking (although he loves to run). It is suitable for the elderly if they are ready for his stubbornness.

Minus York - the difficult care for the fur. If not trimmed, not combed, it will mat. Some owners prefer a short haircut "under a puppy". The character does not change in this case.

Fox Terrier: a smooth-coated aristocrat

The Fox Terrier (smooth and wiry) is a classic terrier. He was in the movie "White Bim Black Ear" (a mix, but similar). The Fox Terrier is energetic, cheerful, curious. He sticks his nose into every crack. It's hard to keep him on a leash if he sees a cat or a squirrel.

The character of the Fox Terrier: he loves to play, especially with a ball. He plays until he's exhausted. He gets along well with children if they are not aggressive. He may fight with other dogs for dominance. He treats strangers with suspicion, but not aggressively without a reason.

The Fox Terrier is smart, but it's hard to train him due to his stubbornness. The best method is play. Turn the command into a game, and he will perform with joy. Pressure and shouting will cause a reverse reaction.

Wiry Fox Terriers need to be trimmed (combed the fur), not trimmed. This requires skills.

Terrier and children: compatibility

Terriers are not the best choice for families with infants and crawlers. They may bite if the child pulls their hair or ear suddenly. They may drop a baby while running. But with children from 6-7 years old, terriers get along great, become loyal friends and playmates.

It is important: teach the child the rules of communication with a dog. Don't touch during meals, don't wake up, don't pull the tail, don't stick your hand in the mouth. And teach the terrier patience. If the puppy grew up with children, he will get used to it.

The most friendly to children among terriers are Jack Russell and Welsh terriers. The most nervous are Yorkies and Corgis (although the latter is not a terrier, but similar in character). Large terriers (Airedales) are also good with children, but they need to be controlled due to their size.

If there are two children in the family, a terrier will do. If there are three, it will be noisy, restless - the terrier may become irritable and start barking without stopping.

Terrier and other pets

The classic answer: none. A terrier is a hunter. Rats, hamsters, chinchillas, parrots - all prey. The instinct will work even in the most well-behaved terrier. A guinea pig in a cage will be a source of stress for everyone.

Cats are a complex issue. If the cat is adult and the terrier was taken as a puppy, they may get along. But sometimes the cat becomes the object of harassment. If the terrier is adult and aggressive to cats, it's better not to risk it.

Terriers often conflict with dogs of other breeds, especially males. They do not retreat, even if the opponent is five times bigger. Owners should socialize the puppy from an early age, take them to dog parks, teach them calm behavior. But there are no guarantees.

The best option for a terrier is to be the only pet at home. Then all the owner's love goes to him, and he is happy.

How to raise a terrier so you don't regret it

The first rule: socialization from 2 months. Take the puppy to crowded places, introduce him to other dogs, accustom him to noise, to cars, to the vacuum cleaner. Otherwise, he will grow into a cowardly aggressor.

The second: no physical force. A terrier will break down mentally or defend himself in response to a hit. Only positive reinforcement. Praise, give a treat, pet.

The third: short but frequent training sessions. 5-10 minutes several times a day. A terrier quickly gets tired of monotony.

The fourth: mentally exhausting. Hide treats in toys, teach tricks, go through obstacle courses. An exhausted mind is the key to a calm dog.

The fifth: physical exercise. Walk at least 2 times a day for 1 hour in an active mode. Running, playing, retrieving. Without an outlet for energy, the terrier will start destroying the apartment.

The sixth: don't get a terrier if you're not ready for 15 years of active life. They live a long time (12-16 years) and keep a "puppy" character until old age.

If you manage, you will get a companion dog with a big heart, loyal and funny. If not - you will turn your life into a nightmare.

Who should not get a terrier

Retirees with a sedentary lifestyle (they need a Yorkie, but not a Jack Russell). Office workers who are gone for 10 hours at work (the terrier will howl, chew, the neighbors will call the police). Families with children under 5 years old (risk of bites). People who love perfect cleanliness (the terrier sheds, digs, throws toys). People who are squeamish (the terrier loves to lie in the garbage and rotten fish). Beginners without experience (the terrier is a difficult breed, you will need the help of a dog trainer).

People who live in a one-room apartment and cannot provide walks. A terrier needs at least a small yard or a park nearby. Otherwise, he will wither.

But if you have a private house with a plot, you are active, you love nature, and you have a sense of humor - the terrier will become the best friend. He is always there, always ready for a hike, always sticking out his bearded face from under the blanket and licking your nose. You won't get bored with him. And that's the main thing.

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