In Nigeria, the development of publishing is one of the main components of the infrastructure of the scientific and educational complex. Borrowed from the West, the printing tradition was adapted by Nigerians to suit local characteristics and socio-political conditions.

The beginnings of publishing in Nigeria existed even before the eighteenth century: printing houses, publishing houses, and bookstores operated at church missions. In the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, the book business developed in two directions: on the basis of Christian missions1 and Islamic centers, as well as the colonial government, which was forced to give a part of the local population a minimum of education and access to the printed word. The appearance of periodicals dates back to the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Newspapers and magazines were published in English, published and edited by Europeans. Special literary bureaus dedicated to publishing texts in African languages were established in Northern Nigeria in 1930.

After gaining sovereignty in 1960, the development of publishing was at a low level. Only 0.01% of the world's book output was published in the country [Martirosyan, 1976, p. 13]. In 1960, 600 titles of printed publications were published, in 1977 - 1200, in the mid-1980s-2300, since 1989 there has been a sharp decline to 1400 titles [Statistical Yearbook, 1987, p. VII-55]. At present, Nigeria's share of global book production is barely increasing, and the development of book publishing is lagging behind population growth. Hence the low level of book availability. If in developed European countries there are about 1000 book titles per 1 million inhabitants, then in Nigeria - 125 [Makotsi, 2004, p. 45]. The abundance of branches of foreign firms, mainly American and English, has led to Nigeria's complete dependence on book imports. Due to the dominance of the Anglo-Saxon education system and the English language, textbooks and teaching materials for all levels of education are still published in the UK.

The opening in Nigeria of subsidiaries of publishing houses in the UK, USA, France, producing and exporting books, led to the fact that it was foreign firms that began to " control the intellectual life of Nigeria. The fact that national publishing houses determine the direction of development and structure of the educational system is only an appearance" [Kotei, 1984, p. 170]. Of course, foreign publishing houses bring considerable benefits by publishing books that contribute to the elimination of illiteracy, textbooks, publications for children and young people in local languages, organizing book distribution, teaching book publishing professions, and training national cadres for the book industry.2 An important role belongs to American publishing houses that produce encyclopedias, reference books and dictionaries, including those on the history of African countries. The latest seminal work published by The Scarecrow Press (Maryland, USA), the Historical Dictionary of Nigeria [Oyewole, 2000, p. 159], was compiled in collaboration with Nigerian historians working at the University of South Florida (USA)3. However,

1 Printing houses in the missions simultaneously performed publishing functions and distributed books. They published Bibles, psalms, Gospels, religious treatises, and textbooks in English or translated into national languages.

2 For example, the Longman subsidiary adopted a declaration in 1965 that aims to support local authors, publish books in the Yoruba and Igbo languages, and produce books in the country. Macmillan (Great Britain), in partnership with the National Northern Nigerian Publishing House, publishes books in Hausa. The Heinemann branch (Great Britain) publishes works by leading African authors in the "African Writers" series.

3 The dictionary covers the main milestones of history from 800 to May 29, 1999 (the date of the proclamation of the "fourth republic"). The "Who's Who" section contains biographical sketches of prominent figures in politics, economics, education, art and culture.

page 171
foreign printing houses exercise control over local publishing houses, printing houses and bookstores, as well as price and assortment policies. Multinational firms earn huge revenues and do not want to "leave" Africa. The African Publishers Network publishing company currently has branches in 46 countries. Two multinational publishing companies account for 60% of the educational literature market in the country. None of them are Nigerian (the remaining 20% are owned by small foreign publishers and 20% by local publishing houses) [Hall, 2005, p. 45].

The process of Africanization, which began in the early 1960s, contributed to the activation of the publishing structure. Nigerians began to set up their own publishing houses and printing houses that focused on producing school textbooks, general education, fiction, and books for children and youth. The oldest of the national publishing houses " Onibonoje Press "(later renamed "Onibonoje Publishing Ltd") was founded in 1958 by the distinguished teacher G. Onibonoje in Ibadan (the first professional association "Mbari Publishing"was formed there in 1961).

Local book publishing 4, having a narrow circle of clients, poorly established business processes, was at a lower stage of development compared to the foreign one. In order to support and further develop it, the Book Publishing Development Board was established by the Nigerian Military Government in 1975 as a branch of the Federal Ministry of Education. Although the Association of Printers (an organization of private entrepreneurs) and the Institute for Press Affairs were established in the country, the problems of poor equipment of local publishing houses, the shortage of qualified printers and printers (they are trained by the Technological College in Yaba, the Polytechnic Institute in Kaduna, the University of Jos), and staff turnover remained relevant.

Publishing activity in Nigeria is unstable: many publishing houses are disappearing as quickly as they appear [Fleming and Falola, 2005, p. 133-164]. Many people managed to survive for decades, earn a profit, find a circle of regular customers, and sources of sales. However, the instability of their position and dependence on economic and political factors in the country forced the owners to sell their business to foreign investors, local large businesses, or declare bankruptcy. It is not possible to determine the exact number of publishing houses in Nigeria. It is known that in the mid-1980s there were about 50 of them. According to the data of the Nigerian researcher O. A. Okwilagwe, in 2001 82 publishing houses belonging to the Nigerian Publishers Association, established in 1963, and 274 publishing houses that are not its members (these include small publishing firms, private printing houses) were officially registered in Nigeria [Okwilagwe, 2001, p. 203-228]. The largest and most successful of them are Ebino Topsy Publishers (Lagos), Afa Publications (Ibadan). Currently, the offices of all publishing and printing companies, as well as firms engaged in the sale of printed products, are located in major cities: Ibadan 5, Lagos 6, Abuja 7, Port Harcourt 8, as well as on university campuses, close to training centers-in Nsukka, Ife. Odusote Bookshops Ltd, a chain of retail bookstores based in Ibadan, was established by the influential businessman A. Odusote.9
There are two groups of local publishing houses. The first category includes small publishing houses that produce popular book products designed to meet the needs of a minimally educated audience. Their goal is to meet the existing demand for mass literature in the book market. The second group consists of large publishing houses, including university ones, that produce scientific literature, textbooks, manuals, university calendars, reference books, advertising brochures, anniversary collections, and fiction.

University publishing in Nigeria, as in all of Africa, was initiated by Oxford University Press, which opened its branch in Ibadan in 1949. University programs

4 For more information, see [Issues in Book..., 2005].

5 "Olapade Agoro Investment Company Ltd", "Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Ltd", "Spectrum Books", "Vantage Publishers Ltd", "Associated Book - Makers Nigeria Limited", "Heinemann Education Books", "AMD Publishers", "Book Builders Ltd", "IFRA Ibadan", "Sefer Books Ltd", "Codat Publications".

6 "Granny Fatima Publishing", "Kraft Books Ltd", "Malthouse Press Ltd", "Fafunwa Educational Foundation", "Service & Service International", "Civil Liberties Organization", "Yemaja Publishers", "Africana Legacy Press Inc.", "Gabumo Publishing Company Ltd", "Florence and Lambard Ltd", "Newswatch Communications Ltd".

7 "Aflon Books Ltd".

8 "Ano Publishing Company", "Onyoma Research Publications".

9 Odusote Adeolu-Executive Director of Crownek Green Energy Limited.

page 172
There are few publishing houses in Nigeria. Most of their services are used by the teaching corps to publish their works. University publishing houses are characterized by small print runs, long production times and high production costs, "cheap", non-academic appearance, and poor advertising. The most famous are the publishing houses of the University of Ibadan 10, A. Bello University 11 and others.

Despite the active activity of academic publishing houses, there is a shortage of modern school and university textbooks, scientific and popular science publications, and books in national languages in the country. In 1999, 857 titles were published (55%) in pedagogy and education, sociology and philosophy, and social sciences; 250 titles (16%) in religious publications; and 100 titles (6%) in linguistics and philology. Printed materials in mathematics and natural sciences account for less than 7% (120 titles), engineering - 6% (95 titles), history books (60 titles) and art (55 titles) - 2-3%. Fewer books are published on geography (20 titles) and sports (15). 180 titles of fiction were published (13%) [Science Report, 2005; Statistical Yearbook, 1999, p. IV-51].

The situation is better with the publication of scientific periodicals (journals, bulletins, almanacs and continuing publications - collections of articles and reports of scientific institutions, conferences). Departments and faculties of universities, scientific and research institutes publish a large number of periodicals.

In the middle of the XX century. Nigeria was ahead of the countries of Tropical Africa in the number of periodicals in the humanities, in particular in literature. The first magazine that helped develop young Nigerian literature in the late 1950s and early 1960s was The Black Orpheus (founded in 1957 and edited by West German art and literary critics J. P. Blavatsky). J. N. and W. Bayer) was the only literary and critical almanac in Africa at the time; it published African and African-American authors. In 1960, the poet J. P. Clarke12 founded the literary student magazine Horn at the University College of Ibadan. In the 1960s and 1970s, writer's clubs were based at universities with their own printed publications; in particular, in 1971, the Writers ' Association was established at the University of Nigeria in Nsukka. Its printed organ was the literary magazine Okike, edited by Ch. Achebe. The Association of Writers of Asian and African Countries published the magazine "Lotos", whose editorial board included the well-known writer and. Ikidda.

Currently, Nigeria publishes about 100 titles of periodicals in English and African languages, designed for a narrow circle of specialists. In 1991, 592 scientific journals were published in Nigeria [Statistical Yearbook, 1991, p. IV-9]. The frequency of publication of university journals and printed materials of research institutions is once or twice a year, less often-quarterly. Many people go out on an irregular basis, with long breaks. The most popular in the scientific community are: "Nigerian Journal of Socio-Economic Research", published jointly by the Economic Society and the Nigerian Institute of Economic and Social Research, "Nigerian Journal of Natural Sciences" - the printed organ of the Nigerian Association of Natural Sciences, "Nigerian Geographical Journal", published by the Geographical Association, etc. [The World of Learning, 2004, p. 1217-1218].

Nigerian educators publish their articles in "West African Journal of Education", "African Journal of Educational Research", "Lagos Education Review"," Ilorin Journal of Education", 'Journal of Education in Africa", "Nigeria Educational Forum".

Among Nigerian humanities scholars, the use of foreign periodicals as sources of information is quite common. According to N. Oboko, "Nigerian geographers refer more to journal articles from European journals than to monographs" [Obokoh, 1986, p. 95-104], to periodicals (mainly American, British, and Canadian) - more often than to research literature [Aboyade, 1975, p. 25]. According to O. Akhighe, out of 2,182 articles used by Nigerian scientists in scientific papers for 2000-2003, only 70 (3.2%) were from Nigerian journals [Akhighe, 2005, p. 16-17].

10 The University of Ibadan publishes: Guidebook, Annual Report, Official Gazette, Vice President's Bulletin, Nigerian Law Journal, Ibadan, Research Bulletin of the Arabic Documentation Center, Gazette, Official Bulletin.

11 A. Bello University publishes five journals: "University Bulletin", "University Research Report", "University Public Lectures", "University Newspaper", "Inaugural Lectures".

12 Clark John Pepper (b. 1935) - poet, playwright, theatrical figure, professor of African literature, studied at the University of Ibadan, researcher at the University of Lagos, taught at the University of Connecticut.

page 173
In the second half of the XX - beginning of the XXI century, there is a decrease in the pace and number of published works. For example, the Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, 13 regularly published by the oldest scientific society, was a reputable print publication recognized abroad. In the 1960s and 1970s, such Nigerian historians as V. Oyemakinde [14], G. O. Oguntemi, and S. Osoba [15] published their articles in it. Scientists from both Africa and Europe signed up for it. The same can be said about the Ibadan History Series, published by Longman Publishing House. By 1980, both publications were discontinued (in 1980, two issues of the Journal of the Historical Society were published). The economic crisis of the early 1980s and the adoption of the structural adjustment program in 1986 affected those sectors of the economy that were dependent on importation16, especially book publishing. Restrictions on the import of imported goods have led to an increase in the cost of paper and other materials necessary for publishing. In the current conditions, scientists almost lost the opportunity to fully engage in their own research, so many of them were forced to leave science for a career in business and politics [Olukoji, 2004, p. 365]. Others tried to find the optimal solution to the problem and a way out of the current critical situation.

Scientists began to create new scientific journals. Many of them did not last long17. In the early 1990s, university publishers began to independently publish textbooks for higher education 18. This became possible after the National University Commission introduced general subjects for primary students, including "The Peoples of Nigeria and their culture", "English". At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, jubilee collections devoted to the activities of prominent scientists and public figures began to be published (for example, S. Biobaku 19, J. Anene 20, I. A. Akinjogbin 21, O. Ikime 22, I. J. Alagoa 23). They were compiled mainly by historians of the younger generation.

Cooperation with foreign publishing houses largely contributed to solving the problem of publishing the works of Nigerian scientists. According to the number of articles by Nigerian scientists published in the most authoritative and popular journals on the problems of history, economics and politics, Nigeria, along with South Africa, occupies a leading position. Самые распространенные среди них: "African Affairs", "African Arts", "African Research and Documentation", "Canadian Journal of African Studies", "International Journal of African Historical Studies", "Journal of African His-

13 "Journal of Historical Society of Nigeria".

14 Oyemakinde Wale is a Nigerian economic historian. Author of "Essays on economic History", "Strategies for modernizing the economy of Nigeria", etc.

15 Osoba Shogun-Nigerian Marxist historian, author of "Economic Foundations of Nigerian Foreign Policy" (1980), "Questions on the Economic and Social History of Nigeria", etc.

16 Imported books and periodicals account for about 70% of publications read and purchased in Nigeria. Many Nigerian authors publish their works abroad (this is more prestigious and profitable), such publications for Nigeria are imported. The country imports academic scientific publications, fiction, and university textbooks. However, the share of imports of school textbooks and publications for children is steadily decreasing due to an increase in local publications.

17 In the late 1980s, the Nigerian Journal of Economic History was published, founded by the Nigerian Economic History Association under the leadership of G. O. Ogunremi and Co. Adesina. The journal published not only Nigerian and African researchers, but also European scientists.

18 These include Literary Media in Lagos, College Press, Davidson, Fountain Publications, Hope Publications, and Rex Chatles in Ibadan.

19 Biobaku Saburi Oladeni (b. 1918) - historian, Doctor of Philosophy. From 1961 to 1963 he was Professor of History at the University of Ife, from 1963 to 1965 he was Vice - Rector of the University of Ife and Director of the Institute of African Studies at the University of Ife, and from 1978 he was Director of the Institute of African Studies at the University of Ibadan. Member of the Executive Board of the Association of African Universities. The main area of research is pre-colonial Yoruba history and source studies.

20 Anene Joseph Christopher Oakwoody (1921-1968) - historian, Ph. D. The main area of research is the history of British colonial rule in Nigeria, the resistance of African peoples to colonialism, and the social and political aspects of establishing colonial borders in Africa.

21 Akinjogbin Isaac Adeagbo (b. 1930) - Historian, Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy. In the 1970s, he was Deputy Vice-rector and Dean of the Faculty of History at the University of Ife. The main research areas are pre-colonial history of Nigeria and West Africa.

22 Ikime Obaro - Professor of History, Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Ibadan from 1964 to 1990. Author of the works "History, historian and state. The Voice of the Nigerian Historian "(2006), "Fundamentals of Nigerian History"(1999), etc.

23 Alagoa I. J.-Professor of History at the University of Port Harcourt, specialist in African history, author of several works on oral history and Ijo archaeology.

page 174
tory", "Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History", "Journal of Modern African Studies", "Journal of Religion in Africa", "Journal of Southern African Studies", "Review of African Political Economy", "Times Literary Supplement". Nigerian scientists are also published in specialized journals (mostly European), such as the Journal of Transport History, International Review of Social History, International Journal of African Historical Studies, African Studies Review, International Journal of Maritime History, Labor History Review, "African Economic History", "History in Africa: A Journal of Method"," Immigrants and Minorities"," Africa"," Journal of Contemporary African Studies"," Africa Development","Journal of Cultural Studies".

A study of the publications of Nigerian scientists in social and humanitarian journals reveals the following trends. While in the 1980s, Nigerian scientists were mainly published in journals on history, economics, agriculture, and medicine, 24 in the 1990s, they began to publish more in political science, engineering, and sociology journals.

Publications in the above-mentioned journals are registered in world databases and bibliographic publications. Their importance for the development of science is great, because scientific publications published in Africa do not have international registration. African publishers do not always provide information about them in accordance with accepted international standards [African Research..., 1991, p. 1]. Having published articles in foreign journals, scientists receive international recognition. However, not everyone has this opportunity. Publishers are biased in their selection of printed products, preferring those that generate revenue. Most scientists publish in local publishing houses, in the periodicals of African countries, or do not do so at all [Chandravanshi, 2007, p. 42].

Many researchers in Nigeria publish their monographs and research abroad, mainly in Europe and the United States. The largest American publisher engaged in publishing and distributing printed materials in Africa is Africa World Press, Inc., headquartered in Trenton, New Jersey, with a branch of Red Sea Press, Inc. in Asmara, Eritrea. Of the 90 books published by African researchers between 2006 and 2007, 25 were written by Nigerians. This is quite a high figure, considering that 15 books were published by authors from Ghana, 10 from Kenya, and 8 from Eritrea. Books submitted by Nigerians mainly deal with issues of history, politics, ethnology, and literature. Publications of Nigerian scholars are also published by the Center for African Studies at Boston University, the University of Chicago, which specializes in publishing books on anthropology, ethnography, religion, geography, African politics, and the Center for African Studies at the University of Michigan.

Among the European printing houses, the Swiss publishing house Peterleng is well known, but a special place is occupied by the Publishing House of the Scandinavian Institute of Africa, located in Uppsala (Sweden)25. In 2006-2007 It has published more than 600 publications [Books on Africa..., 2006/2007, 16 p.] on politics, economics, sociology, and contemporary African history. Among them are monographs by prominent Nigerian scientists A. Olugbenga, A. Osita, A. Olukotun, and S. Obi (Olugbenga and Oteh, 2004; Osita, 2004; Olukotun, 2004; Obi, 2000).

The largest European publishing house "James Currey Publishers" in Oxford (Great Britain) publishes academic books on archeology, history, politics, economics, anthropology, gender studies, and African literature. It does not have an office in Nigeria, but it has its own information office in every African country. Initially, a series of books by obscure African writers was published in the 1960s.

Currently, most academic researchers in Nigeria publish their work with the support of sponsors (this can be both individuals and organizations, including the state) [Olukoji, 2004, p. 370]. The sponsor is interested in creating a positive image of their company and being able to advertise on the pages of the magazine. The largest one

24 For example, Agricultural Administration ranked first for the highest number of articles by Nigerian scientists twice: in 1980. (9 articles) and 1982 (7 articles by Nigerians). From 1980 to 1986, 34 articles by Nigerian physicians were published in the journal of Social Science and Medicine, and 18 in the Journal of the Royal Society of Health. Historians and economists were mainly published in Africa (44 articles), "African Affairs" (38 articles), "Journal of Modern African Studies" (28 articles) and in "Africa Today" (17 articles).

25 The Institute, founded in 1962 and funded by the Scandinavian Governments, is a research and information center for documentary information on contemporary Africa. The Institute actively cooperates with researchers from Africa, conducts seminars, conferences and various scientific events.

page 175
collaboration between scientists and non-profit organizations, which includes, in particular, support for researchers, is also gaining popularity. For example, the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa 26 gives preference to sociologists, economists, and historians at least at the level of Doctor of science or professor.

In Nigeria, there are active American (The Public Affairs Section), German (The Goethe Institute and the fr. Ebert) and the Ibadan-based French Institute for Research in Africa, foundations that support scientists. Other sponsored organizations include the Wilson Foundation, Fulbright Foundation, the British Academy, the Japan Foundation, the A. von Humboldt Foundation, Leventis (London), the Emerging Economics Institute (Tokyo), the Commonwealth Institute (London), PICA (Northwestern Institute), and DAAD (Germany).

Often, Nigerians serve as co-authors and editors of leading scientific periodicals. For example, A. Olukoji (Professor of International Relations, Director of Science at the Nigerian Institute of International Relations in Lagos) He was the only Nigerian author of the collective collection "Scientific Publications of Africa" [African Scholar..., 2007].

By the number and specialization of scientific journals and publications, one can judge the level of development and structure of research in the country. Based on the analysis of the composition of authors of articles in some foreign publications on social and humanitarian sciences in the 1980s-2000s, it can be concluded that from 1979 to 2006, the Journal of African History published 97 articles and reports by Nigerian historians (for comparison, 115 articles by scientists from Ghana). As for the publications of scientists from such African countries as Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Congo, etc., their number during this period did not exceed 30 - 50 titles [Journal of African..., 1979-2006, p. 109; SSCI, 1989].

The growth dynamics of the performance indicator for the period of the second half of the XX - beginning of the XXI century is as follows. In the 1970s and 1980s, the number of articles by Nigerian scientists published in foreign periodicals on natural and technical sciences was constantly increasing. In 1972, 242 articles were published [ISI's..., 1972], in 1975 - 521 [Science, 1978, p. 1179], and in the "Index of Scientific References" for 1982 there were already 779 [SCI, 1982, p. 5254 - 5265]. However, after the economic crisis, the opposite trend is noticeable. If in 1985 scientists published 711 articles, in 1990 their number decreased to 651, in 1997-to 395 [SCI, 1985, 1990, 1997]. The decrease in the number of published articles between 1981 and 1995 by more than 50% indicates a decrease in the share of Nigeria in the total number of publications in Africa and the world. In 2004, Nigerian scientists published 365 articles and books, including 13 on agriculture, 24 on history and anthropology, 26 on arts and languages, 31 on economics and finance, 22 on education, 11 on geography and environment, 15 on law, 95 - in literature. The most interesting works are those of historians J. F. Ade-Ajayi, E. J. Alagoa, G. N. Uzoigbe, and L. A. Nwachuku (Ade-Ajayi, 2004, p. 8-17; Alagoa, 2004; Uzoigbe, 2004, p. 139-150; Nwachuku, 2004). In 2005, 430 works by Nigerians were published. In most cases, these are articles in journals, mostly African.

According to the" Social Science Citation Indexes", the largest number of links to their articles in the period from 1991 to 2007 is the Nigerian historian T. Falola (152 links), who lives in the United States. Historians A. I. Asiwaju, K. S. Anianwu, B. Ave, O. Adevoye, O. Kalu have about 50 references [SCI, 1991-2007]. The low citation rate of Nigerians in the world, on the one hand, indicates the low quality of their research, the existing lack of information about world scientific achievements, about research conducted in foreign leading scientific centers. On the other hand, many of the works of Nigerians remain unknown to the readership. However, this trend of" ignorance " is becoming less relevant every year due to the development of the global Internet network in Nigeria, the activities of news agencies, news services, and mass media.

In 2001, Internet users had access to the websites of 120 African magazines and newspapers, of which two-thirds are published in Tropical Africa [Abramova and Polikanov, 2001, p.17]. Many of them are updated daily, and also have archives of numbers for several years. Nigerian scientists have every chance to publish their articles on the Internet, on the websites of scientific organizations (both African and international), on the websites of periodicals, and on information portals. A significant number of books by Nigerians can be found and purchased on the websites of the largest international bookstores, such as Amazon, Libri, Afrikantabuk, etc.

26 The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, established in 1973 in Senegal, promotes the publication of research results at the national, regional and continental levels. Assistance is provided in the form of grants.

page 176
Thus, the development of publishing in Nigeria has taken a difficult path. Created on the European model and based on Western traditions, it was forced to make a lot of effort during the second half of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. to increase the effectiveness and activity of scientists. Nigeria has achieved the greatest success in developing the book business among English-speaking countries in Africa. Over a half-century period, Nigerian scientists have managed to gain recognition in international scientific circles in the face of economic and political instability in the country and establish themselves as a West African state with a huge potential for the development of science, with all the resources necessary for this. However, Nigeria continues to lag behind many developed countries in terms of the number of products produced and the regularity of publications.

list of literature

Abramova I., Polikanov D. Afrika v vek informatsionnykh tekhnologii: vozmozhnost ' proryv [Africa in the Information Technology Age: the possibility of a breakthrough]. 2001. N 8.

Kotei S. I. Kniga v Afrika segodnya [The Book in Africa today]. 1984. Sat. 49.

Martirosyan E. M. Sostoyanie knigoizdatelskogo dela v stranakh Azii i Afrika [The state of book publishing in the countries of Asia and Africa].
Aboyade B. O. The Provision of Raw Materials and Library Services for Humanistic Studies in Nigeria // Nigerian Libraries. 1975. No 1/2.

Ade-Ajayi J.E History and Society: Being the Keynote Address to the 40th Anniversary Colloquium of the History Department, University of Lagos // Lagos Historical Review. 2004. N 4.

African Research and Documentation. 1991. No 56.

African Scholarly Publishing. Essays / Ed. by A. Mlambo. Oxford: African Books Collective Ltd., 2007.

Akhighe O.O. Journal Use: Analysis of Photocopies in a Medical Library in Nigeria. 2005.

Alagoa E.J. The Uses of Hindsight As Foresight: Reflections on Niger Delta and Nigeria History. Port Harcourt: Onyoma Research Publications, 2004.

Books on Africa. The Nordic Africa Institute. Uppsala, Sweden. Catalogue 2006/2007.

Chandravanshi B.S. Opportunities and Problems Facing Authors and Publishers in Science Publishing within the Africa Continent // African Scholarly Publishing. Essays / Ed. by A. Mlambo. Oxford: African Books Collective Ltd., 2007.

Fleming T, Falola T Africa's Media Empire // History in Africa. A Journal of Method I Ed. by D. Henige. 2005. Vol. 32.

Hall J. Publishers Face Uphill Task // Africa Week. Jan. 2005. Special Edition.

Journal of African Studies. 1979 - 2006.

lSI's Who Is Publishing in Science. An International Directory of Research and Development Scientists. Philadelphia, 1972.

Issues in Book Publishing in Nigeria. Essays in Honour of ChiefAigboje Higo at 70 / Ed. F.A. Adesanoye, A. Ojeni-yi. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books, 2005.

Makotsi R. Making the Book Network Work II Africa Week. Dec. 2004. Special Edition.

Nwachuku L.A. Troubled Journey: Nigeria since the Civil War. Lanham University Press of America. 2004.

Obi C.I. The Changing Forms of Identity Politics in Nigeria under Economic Adjustment. The Case of the Oil Minorities Movement of the Niger Delta. 2000.

Obokoh N.P. Characteristics of Literature Used by Contributors to the Nigerian Geographical Journal // Library Waves. 1986. No. 1.

Okwilagwe O.A. Book Publishing in Nigeria. Ibadan: Stirling-Horden Publishers Ltd, 2001.

Olugbenga A., Oteh A.O. African Voices - African Visions. 2nd ed. Uppsala, 2004.

Olukoji A. The Crisis of Research and Academic Publishing in Nigerian Universities // African Universities in the Twenty-first Century I Ed. by P.T Zeleza, A. Olukoshi. Vol. 2. Knowledge and Society. South Africa: CODESRIA, 2004.

Olukotun A. Repressive State and Resurgent Media under Nigeria's Military Dictatorship, 1988 - 1998. Uppsala, 2004.

Osita A. Ethnic Militias and the Threat to Democracy in Post-Transition Nigeria. Uppsala, 2004.

Oyewole A., Lucas J. Historical Dictionary of Nigeria. 2nd ed. Lanham, MD and L.: The Scarecrow Press, 2000.

SCI. Science Citation Index. 1982, 1985, 1990, 1997. Institute for Scientific Information. Philadelphia.

SSCI. Social Science Citation Index Social Science Citation Index. Annual. Philadelphia.

Science. 17.03.1978. Vol. 199. No. 4334.

Science Report. UNESCO. P., 2005.

Statistical Yearbook. UNESCO. P., 1987, 1991, 1999.

Uzoigbe G.N. Evolution and Relevance of Autonomous Communities in Precolonial Igboland // Journal of Third World Studies. 2004. N 1.

The World of Learning. L., 2004.

Permanent link to this publication: